考研：历年英语翻译真题
英语翻译要将一定难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意。考研英语翻译主要是长句和短句的翻译，有一定的难度，不过如果我们能够掌握足够的技巧就会事半功倍的效果。下面是小编整理的考研：历年英语翻译真题，欢迎阅读！
考研：历年英语翻译真题 1
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright.
(1) we dont have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health cant be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we dont understand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us.
(2) Our mental health doesnt go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. Its a form of innate or unlearned optimism.
(3) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.
(4)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought.
(5) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
翻译
1、我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康,这种能力植根于我们自身,就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口,如何修复断骨。
【解析】分号连接两个句子:第一个句子主干为we don’t have to learn,how引导宾语从句作learn的宾语,其中how表示方式;第二个句子主干为it is built into us,其中代词it指代前句提及的mental health; in the same way表示方式,that引导定语从句,其中又嵌套了how引导的宾语从句,作know的宾语。
2、心理健康不会去往他方。如同乌云可能蔽日,心理健康可能会暂时隐藏于视线之外,但它完全可以在须臾之间复原如初。
【解析】分号连接两个句子:第一个句子为主谓结构的简单句;第二个句子为but连接的两个并列分句,表达转折关系,主干为it can be hidden, but it is capable of being restored,其中介词短语like the sun behind a cloud表示比喻。in an instant:立刻,立即。
3、心理健康使我们在他人陷入危难之时给予同情,痛苦不已时给予善意,无论对谁,都能给予无条件的爱。
【解析】本句主干为:mental health allows us to view others…,三个并列的介词短语with..表示伴随。其中分别嵌套了if引导的`两个条件状语从句和no matter who引导的让步状语从句。
4、尽管心理健康是人们度过一生的一剂万能良药,但它又普通不已,因为当你需要做出艰难决定时,都可感受到它的存在。
【解析】句子主干是it is perfectly ordinary。it指代前文提及的mental health;although引导让步状语从句,其主干为mental health is the cure-all。as引导原因状语从句,其主干为you will see;that引导从句做see的宾语,其主干为it has been there to direct you。cure-all:合成名词,万灵药。
5、就像你会渐渐明白,深悉心理健康一直触手可得并且值得信任,使我们能放慢生活脚步,活在当下,幸福生活。
【解析】句子主干是knowing that…and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily。两个动名词结构knowing…并列作主句的主语,其中that引导的宾语从句作knowing的宾语。句首的as引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句,翻译时可以处理为“就像…,正如…”。
考研：历年英语翻译真题 2
1.It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.
参考译文：人们很容易低估英国作家詹姆斯·赫里奥特。
翻译解析：这是一个it做形式主语的句子，真正的主语在后面。句子结构为 It is + 形容词 + to do sth。underestimate意为“低估，对…估计不足”该词由under（向下）和estimate（估算）合成，“向下估计”就是“低估”之意。英语人名的翻译不能保留英文原文。本文中James Herriot的中文名是“詹姆斯·赫里奥特”，如果对于自己不了解的人，要根据发音翻译为相应的汉字，最好在后面加括号标注其英文名，如：詹姆斯·赫里奥特（James Herriot），这种处理方法未尝不可。对于特别出名的人，要注意用字的准确性，比如Karl Marx（卡尔·马克思，不能翻译为卡尔·马卡斯）；有的英文名字不是按照发音翻译的，需要大家在学习过程中特别留意，如Confucius（孔子，首字母大写）、Sun Yat-san（孙中山，不是双鸭山）。全句直译过来就是“低估英国作家詹姆斯·赫里欧是很容易的”，读起来不太地道，翻译时可以增加表泛指的主语“人们，大家，我们”让句子读起来通顺，稍微调整一下语序，就是“人们很容易低估英国作家詹姆斯·赫里欧”。
2.He had such a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitate it.
参考译文：他的作品有一种令人愉快、易读的风格，大概就让人以为任何人都能模仿他。
翻译解析：这句话的主语是he，即上文提到的詹姆斯·赫里欧。主句是He had such a pleasant, readable style。such a意为“如此”，readable由read（阅读）和（able能够）合成，“能够阅读的”就是“易读”之意。主句直译是“他有一种令人愉快、易读的风格”，显而易见，这里并不是他这个人的风格，而是指其作品的风格，翻译时需要增译主语，“他的作品”。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰style，将先行词放到定语从句中，style are might think （such a pleasant, readable style），这里的意思是“人模仿风格”，换句话说“风格被模仿”。增加泛指主语“人们，大家，我们”，“人们可能认为”，“大概就让人以为”都是可以的。第二个that引导宾语从句，“认为任何人都能模仿他”。
3.How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time” .
参考译文：我总是听人说：我也可以写书，就是我没有时间。
翻译解析：本句是个倒装句，用来强调语气。How many times have I heard people say，直译过来就是“多少次我听人们说”，这样其实也可以，如果想更连贯一点，调整为“我总是/多次听人说”都是可以的。haven’t是have not的缩写，“没有”之意。引号里面的内容直译就可以，I could write a book翻译为“我也可以写书”。I just haven’t the time翻译为“我只是没有时间”，Just要翻译出“只是”这种感觉。
4.Easily said. Not so easily done.
参考译文：这话说起来容易，做起来难。
翻译解析：这是两个很短的省略句，源自成句"easily said than done"。大家经常能听到“说起来容易，做起来难”这句老话。如果一时想不起来，翻译为“说得轻松，做到可不容易”之类的也很好。需要注意的是，句子之间的连贯性，为了和上文衔接，加了“这话”这种指示词做主语。
5.James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”.
参考译文：与大众的观点相反，正如吉米·赫里奥特特所说，在创作初期，“尝试写作”并不容易。
翻译解析：这句话的主干为：James Herriot did not find it easy in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”，这句话涉及到否定转移这个知识点，did not find it easy，看似否定的是find，实际上否定的是easy，这句直译过来是“没有发现它容易”，读起来拗口，调整一下就是“发现它不容易”；contrary to popular opinion准确地来说，是形容词短语做比较状语，也可理解为插入语，比较状语部分在翻译时前置即可；as he put it, “正如他所说”。in his early days是时间状语，直译为“在他的早期”，根据上下文可知，是指“在他的创作初期”；have a go是比较地道的英语表达，意为“试一试”。game在这里是一个比较形象的说法，实际上game并不是“游戏”的意思，而是“行当；行业；职业”的意思，也就是“从事写作这个职业”。
6.While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.
参考译文：他显然极具天赋，但他留给世人的最终的、精雕细琢的作品却是多年练习、重写和阅读的成果。
翻译解析：while引导的是让步状语从句，that he gave to the world定语从句修饰work，主干部分为主系表结构：the final polished work was the result。the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. “名词 of+名词”结构从后往前翻译，years直译可以翻译为“多年的”，如果追求文采可以翻译为“经年累月/厚积薄发”等词语。obviously，意为“显然地，无疑地 ”，副词的翻译，如果放在句中通顺就放在句中，如果读起来别扭，就拿出来单独成句修饰整个句子。此句也可以翻译为，“显然，……”had an abundance of意为“有大量的，极具”；final polished work是两个形容词修饰work，中间用顿号隔开，polished意思是“修改过的，润色过的.”，可以引申为“精雕细琢的”，that he gave to the world这个定语从句较短，放在先行词之前翻译，“他留给世界的/世人的”都可。注意让步状语从句和主句的逻辑关系：前半句说他极具天赋，后半句说他的作品不是轻易得来的，两者之间有一个转折关系，需要加上转折逻辑词“但是”。
7.Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.
参考译文：和大多数作家一样，他在写作过程中也遭受了许多失望和拒绝，但这些更加坚定了他获得成功的决心。
翻译解析：句子结构是but连接的两个简单句，Like the majority of authors,“像大多数作家一样” 。suffer是“遭遇，遭受，经历”的意思；many 的意思大家都知道，直接翻译为“许多”没有问题，但是我们也可以翻译的绍剧文学色彩一点，译为“诸多”，还可以强调他所受的磨难之多。disappointments意为“失望，沮丧”；rejections是“拒绝，这里暗指：吉米·赫里奥特当时想要出版的书籍或想要发表的作品被出版商拒绝或受到冷遇”， along the way作状语，“在某过程中”，文章中可以译为“在写作过程中”。all the more和all the better意思一样，都表示“更加，愈发”。determined是“下决心的，决意的、坚定的”。这个句子直接翻译即可：但这些更加坚定了他获得成功的决心。
8.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.
参考译文：他一生中所有的成就都来之不易，在文学领域的成功也不例外。
翻译解析：这句话是由and连接的两个并列句组成，he achieved in life是省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰everything，译为“他一生中（取得）的所有成就”。固定用法"earn … the hard way"，意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法，但根据"the hard way（困难的方法/方式）"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义，这一点也很重要，遇到不太熟悉的短语要记得联系上下文去理解，比胡乱猜测要好。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"sth be no exception"，意思是“某事也不例外”，最后一句“no exception”，直译表示“不是例外”，我们也可意译为“绝非偶然”也可以正说翻译“也是如此”。
考研：历年英语翻译真题 3
第一段
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
第二段
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down —say, after giving a bad lecture —he grants himself permission to be human.He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others.Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t.④Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
翻译：
第一段：大多数人都会把乐观定义为永远快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。但这恰恰不是真正的快乐，积极心理学家们并不提倡。哈佛大学教授T alBen-Shahar说：“健康的乐观意味着不脱离现实。”按照Ben-Shahar的说法， 现实的乐观主义者是那些不管发生什么事情都力求从中得到最大收获的'人，而不是那些指望凡事都有最好结局的人。
第二段：Ben-Shahar运用三种方法保持乐观。当他情绪低落时——比如说一次课没讲好——他宽容自己，承认自己是凡人。他提醒自己，不是每堂课都有获诺贝尔奖的水准；总会有一些课的效果不如别的课。第二种方法是回顾。他分析讲得不好的课，为以后汲取有用的经验和失败的教训。最后，还有视角问题，要认识到在宏大的生命长卷里，一堂课真的不算什么。
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