高考细节题解题技巧

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高考细节题解题技巧

　　高考的角号即将响起,打好高考攻坚战,掌握答题技巧是关键要素之一。下面是阳光网小编为你整理的内容，希望对你有帮助。

高考细节题解题技巧

　　高考英语阅读理解细节题答题技巧

　　技巧一：顺藤摸瓜法巧解细节题

　　既然是事实细节题，其答案必然在文中可以直接找到相关的信息点，有的是根据一个信息点即可选出答案，有的需要综合两个或多个信息点才可选出答案。

　　解答这类题可用“顺藤摸瓜”法：

　　题干中的关键词为“藤”，文中的答案信息为“瓜”。“顺藤摸瓜”法，就是根据题干中的关键词(“藤”)到文中去找相同或相似的关键词句(“藤”)，然后顺着这根“藤”找到答案信息(“瓜”)。一般来说“瓜”多在“藤”后面，若后面的信息不是“瓜”，我们就往“藤”前去摸。

　　短文中的“瓜”与选项的“瓜” 一般不会完全相同，而是以同义或近义表达出现。

　　这种方法特别适用于英语基础薄弱的`同学，哪怕在阅读文章上存在障碍，但只要根据题干中所透露出的关键信息回到原文去找相同或相似的表达即可。

　　高考细节题解题示例

　　What’s a Reaction Like?

　　In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis(过敏症). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person’s blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of a reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.

　　What Will the Doctor Do?

　　If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving your trouble.

　　4. Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?

　　A. Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.

　　B. Avoiding eating any food when going outside

　　C. Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.

　　D. Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.

　　解析：根据题目，藤就是suggestions to those at risk of severe allergic reaction, 顺着这个藤，我们回到文章的People at risk for this kind of a reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, 找到了瓜D. Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.

　　35. What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?

　　A. Ask you about the allergy-associated information.

　　B. Give you some medicine right away.

　　C. Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.

　　D. Give you a shot of liquid extract of food.

　　解析：根据藤to check your food allergy out 回到文章的The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. 找到瓜A. Ask you about the allergy-associated information.

　　技巧二：运用复现策略巧解细节题

　　所谓“复现”，就是指某一个单词或短语意思，以其近义词、反义词、上下义词、同根词或原词的形式在文中重复出现的现象。懂得这种现象对解答完形填空非常有用，但用来解答阅读理解细节题也同样管用。

　　细节理解题的复现指的是：正确答案选项语句中的单词或短语与阅读材料中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系。它同样可以分为：同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词。

　　运用复现策略解题首先要定位与问题相关的句子，然后观察及分析该句子前后的句子是否满足复现的情况。请看下面的例子。

　　1.原词复现

　　同一单词或短语在选项中和阅读材料中同时出现。如：

　　I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.

　　u Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ______.

　　A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards

　　B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper

　　C. cut some cards out of the construction paper

　　D. write down their names on the paper cards

　　解析：题干中asked(要求)与文中required是同义词同现。选项D与文中都有wrote down their names，属原词重现，故选D。

　　2.反义复现

　　选项中是用与阅读材料中的单词或短语意义相反的单词或短语来表达相同的意思。如：

　　What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.

　　It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ______.

　　A. have common interests

　　B. are less different than was thought

　　C. have a common body language

　　D. are less intelligent than was expected

　　解析：选项B用more in common (有更多相同之处)来表达文中的less different (较少不同之处)，属反义重现，故选B

　　3.同根复现

　　指在同一语种中词根相同、意义相似的词。如：

　　But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.

　　What can we learn about the author?

　　A. He would be aggressive in his first class.

　　B. He was well-prepared for his first class.

　　C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

　　D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

　　ü 解析：选项C中的nervous 与文中的nerves 是同根词，构成同根复现，故选C。

　　4.上下义复现

　　上义语句所指的内容是概括性的，下义的内容是分述具体的。如：

　　I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

　　The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______.

　　A.they offer their help

　　B. they receive others’ help

　　C. they feel others’ kindness

　　D. they show their weakness

　　解析：阅读材料 “people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat” 是下义(具体)，选项A “they offer their help”是上义(概括)，故选A。

　　技巧三：信息定位的两种方法

　　回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题依据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保证，那么如何能快速准确回到原文找到依据呢?

　　1. 关键词定位法

　　这里的关键词并不一定是中心词，而是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能帮助你迅速回到原文的“特征词”。它在原文出现的频率很少(多为一次)。常见的关键词有人名、地名、序数词、最高级、时间、数字等。

　　2. 自然段定位法

　　即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的`答案信息常常在短文中依次出现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第1题往往位于第一、二自然段，第2题会在第1题的答案信息之后且与第1题的位置最接近，第3题会在第2题的答案信息之后，往往在文中较为中间的地方，而第 4题则位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第1题)一般是主旨题(包括给文章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可能涉及全文内容。

　　高考链接

　　My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model,I realized this a day late,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars lessthan I had paid,The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night,Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

　　Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

　　When neither of these methods removed the static noise ,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether .My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.

　　21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

　　A.He got an older model than he had expected.

　　B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.

　　C.He could have bought it at a lower price.

　　D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.

　　根据第一段第四行“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars lessthan I had paid,” 当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故正确答案选C。

　　22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase”signed off”in Paragraph 1?

　　A.ended all their programs

　　B.provided fewer channels

　　C.changed to commercials

　　D.showed all-night movies

　　根据“Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”幸运的是，我不用整晚上看电影了，否则我不能睡觉了，故选A