介词和介词短语知识

时间:2022-12-07 23:58:56 短语 我要投稿
  • 相关推荐

介词和介词短语知识

  介词又称作前置词,表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系,在句中不能单独作句子成分。下面,小编为大家分享介词和介词短语知识,快来看看吧!

介词和介词短语知识

  ◆常用介词的基本用法

  (1)表时间的介词

  1)at, in on

  at :多用于表示具体的钟点时刻前或固定搭配at noon, at midnight, at night, at lunchtime。 in: 用于表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及一天的上午,下午,晚上,如:in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。

  用于表示“从现在起,多久以后”,如in an hour

  on: 表示在具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时, 如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。

  2) since, after

  由since 和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since 词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:

  I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

  After five days the boy came back.

  3) in, after

  in 与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after 与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after 与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:

  He will be back in two months.

  He will arrive after four o’clock.

  He returned after a month.

  4) before 在...... 以前

  During 在...... 期间,“during +时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作

  By “by+时间点”表示“到...... 以前为止”

  From 说明开始的时间

  For “for+时间段”,常与现在完成时连用

  (2)表示地点的介词

  1)at, in, on

  at 一般指小地方;in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:

  He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

  They arrived at a small village before dark.

  There is a big hole in the wall.

  The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

  2) over, above, on

  over, on和above 都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over 表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under 。 above 也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below 。On 指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:

  There is a bridge over the river.

  We flew above the clouds.

  They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

  3)表示方位的in /on / to

  in 表示A 地在B 地范围之内.(包含关系) Tanwan is _in___ the southeast of China . on 表示A,B 地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is __on__ the north of Hunan .

  to 表示A,B 两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Japan is __to___ the east of China .

  4) in front of, in the front of

  in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:

  There are some tall trees in front of the building.

  The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

  ◆常用介词的用法辨析

  (1) after和behind 区别

  after 表示时间、位置之后

  behind 只表示位置之后

  (2) between / among 在……之间

  1.between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.

  2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.

  (3) with / in / by 表示 “用……”

  with 表示 “用…” 一般指用具体有形的工具.

  He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .

  注: with 表伴随, “带有, 含有”

  He came in _____ a big smile on his face .

  in 表示用某种语言, 方式, 途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料.

  Can you say it _____English ?

  He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .

  by 表示方式,方法

  I study for a test _____ working with a group .

  He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .

  (4) across / through / over / by 经过

  1.across 指横穿, 穿过. 表示从...... 表面上经过.

  2.through 指穿过, 透过, 表示从某一物体空间内通过.

  3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过, 不与表面接触.

  4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.

  Can you swim across the river ?

  The elephant is so big that it can’ t go through the gate

  I don’ t think anyone can jump over the fence.

  I walked by the bank of China yesterday .

  (5) for, to和towards 的区别

  for 常用在leave ,start 后,表示运动的方向和目的,如leave for Beijing

  to 常用在go, come, return,move等词之后,如return to school

  towards 意为“朝,向”,只是说明运动的方向,没有“到达”之意,如walk towards us

  (6) but, besides和except 区别

  But 表示“除...... 之外”,常与表否定意义的词连用,如We can do nothing but wait. Besides 表示“除...... 之外(还有)”,意思是在原有基础上加上besides 除外的人或物 Except 表示“除...... 之外”,指从整体中排除except 所接的人或物

  ◆其它介词的用法:

  (1) like

  1). 像/和……一样. 常与系动词连用. 词组: look like , sound like

  (2) off

  1). 从……下来, 脱离某物体. 词组: fall off

  2).“休假”通常放在时间名词之后. 词组: have +时间+ off

  He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .

  (3) with / without

  with 具有, 含有

  without 没有

  (4) against

  1) 表示“反对”、“违背”之意. 如:

  They are strongly against the idea.他们强烈反对这个意见.

  What have you done is against the law.你所做的事情是违法的.

  2) 表示“撞击”、“碰着”之意. 如:

  Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上.

  3) 表示“倚在”、“紧靠”之意. 如:

  Place the ladder against the wall.把梯子靠在墙上.

  (5) inside / outside

  inside 在……里面

  outside 在….外

  (6)表示 “数量的介词”

  about , around表示 “大约……”

  over 表示 “超过”= more than.

  (7) in the wall /on the wall

  in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上”

  on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”

  (8) on the tree /in the tree

  on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上.

  in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.

  (9) be made +介词的区别:

  be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)

  be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)

  be made in +地点 由哪儿生产

  be made by sb. 由某人制造

  Be made up of 由...... 组成

  ◆介词短语

  介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后,形成复合词,有特定的意思。如下:

  (1) 动词+介词(如:talk about,look at)

  (2) Be 动词+形容词+介词(如:be kind of)

  (3) 介词+名词(如:at home,on foot,in time)

  ① 动词+介词

  要区别“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”的短语,前者的宾语只可接在介词之后,后者当宾语为名词时可放在副词前或后,当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之前

  ② Be动词+形容词+介词

  be kind to对(某人)亲切; be good at在……做得好;擅长于……

  be late for迟到; be afraid of害怕;

  be absent from缺席; be proud of以……为自豪;

  be fond of 喜欢 be full of 充满

  be interested in 对…有兴趣 be confident in 对…有信心

  be short of 缺乏

  be tired of讨厌……/厌倦…… be loyal to 对…忠诚

  be worried about 为…担心 be busy with 忙于(某事)

  be different from 和…不同 be famous as 作为... 而出名

  be famous for 因…而出名 be sorry for sth.为……抱歉;

  be angry with sb.. 对某人生气 be strict with对……严格要求

  be angry at sth. 为某事生气

  be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意

  be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意

  be surprised at对……感到惊奇/诧异

  ③ 介词+名词

  at

  at a time 一次,每次

  at first 最初,开始时 at home 在家,随便

  at last 最后 at once 立即,同时

  at least 至少 at most 至多

  at play(work) 在玩耍(工作) at present 现在,目前

  at the same time (与此) 同时 at times 有时候

  at the age of… 在……岁时 at the end of… 在……之末

  at the beginning of… 在……之初 at the foot of… 在……脚下

  at night/noon 在夜里/中午

  by:

  by air 航空 by bus (plane, etc) 坐巴士(飞机等) by chance 偶然 by the way 顺便说一句 by mistake 错误地,误把… by turns 轮流

  by the end of… 到……底为止 day by day日复一日

  by hand用手,手工,亲手 one by one一个接一个 by oneself 亲自

  in:

  in all 总共

  in any case (event) 不管怎样,反正 in danger 处于危险中 in debt 负债 in demand 有需求

  in detail 详细地 in fact 实际上

  in general 一般说来 in one’s opinion 在(某人) 看来 in order to (that) 以便,为了 in other words 换句话说

  in person 亲自 in trouble处于困境

  in practice 实际上 in public(private) 公开(私下) 地 in regard to 关于 in short 总之

  in the end 最后 in the middle of 在…中间 in time 及时 in turn 依次

  in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 in a hurry 匆忙

  in no time 立刻,很快

  on:

  on board 在船(飞机) 上 on fire 着火

  on foot 步行 on holiday 在度假

  on sale 在出售 on time 准时

  on the way 在路上 on one's way to 某人在去……的路上 on the top of 在…上面 on the other hand 另一方面

  on the left (right) 在左(右) 边 on the other side of 在……另一边 out of:

  out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of work 失业

  out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险

  out of doors 在户外 out of fashion 不时新

  out of reach 无法得到(拿到) out of temper 发脾气 out of touch(with) 和…失去联系 out of use 不再使用

  1. (2015, 海安县, 2)— Are you ready? We’ll go out for a picnic ____ three o’clock.

  — OK! I’m coming.

  A. in B. after C. for D. since

  【参考答案】B

  2. (2015,通州, 3) Facebook is one of the most popular websites in Britain ______ over twenty-five million users.

  A. of B. for C. with D. by

  【参考答案】C

  3. (2015, 如东,10) It’s nice ____ Tom to tell me the news because it’s very important me.

  A. for, of B of, to C. for, to D. of, of

  【参考答案】B

  4. (2015,如东,13) Most people are building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.

  A. for B. with

  【参考答案】C

  5. (2015,崇川区, 5) We live right here. Look! The house on the other side of the street is my uncle’s.

  His house is ______ ours.

  A. in front of

  【参考答案】D

  6. (2015, 海安,10)Why are you taking the book away? I ______ before bed every day.

  A. used for reading

  【参考答案】B

  B. am used to reading D. used to read C. am used to read B. next to C. behind D. opposite C. against D. beyond


【介词和介词短语知识】相关文章:

介词和介词短语12-08

介词和介词短语的常见用法11-21

介词短语集锦:by、at的介词短语11-21

介词in和at构成的短语11-19

CET词汇:介词和介词短语的常见用法11-21

关于介词短语的知识讲解11-21

成语介词托业阅读的介词短语11-22

常见介词短语12-08

动词介词短语12-08